SAFETY AND PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE INFORMATION

Housekeeping

2010-08-15T16:34:00.005+03:00

Housekeeping is more than just how to clean up you room. Many assumes that Housekeeping is only sweep the floor, clean up the room this is not true, but housekeeping is more than all things.

Housekeeping it is mean that we have to be maintain something in order to look anything clean, tidy, neat and lately to keep up the life time of equipment or tools, so what will we do?.

We just little bit changing to our behaviour to always keep clean up to our environment and care with surroundings workplace, when you look your area is dirty and crowded , so take action to soon grab it and put it in correct place or waste bin.

We just took effort to motivate each other to join together in a team. According to ISO 14001 which concern to Environmental Standard, housekeeping is one of important subject. The indicator of Good Housekeeping or implemented ISO 14001 are:

Workplace area is always look clean, tidy and neat.
All rubbish in a correct waste as well as type of rubbish (segregation)
Perfect documentation due to waste handling till storage.
Good arrangement tools and equipments
Always put something in place
Complete label and sign so any how who will handling understood the hazard from the waste inside.
Attached by MSDS in each Chemical

I mean we should keep all above in good condition and routine join together to keep up our environment Safe and Health. Let,s to keep up our surrounding area always clean and tidy, because it will be avoided from any injury or event incident.

Earthquake Emergency Preparedness Tips

2009-06-22T10:56:00.003+03:00

Earthquake is something that horrify. Situation that make people panic and confuse at the time of the happening of earthquake. This condition Emergency claim each and everyone know how to face earthquake situation truly. Muzziness And panicity will cause somebody will face injury and dangers to menace soul safety.

Stay as safe as possible during an earthquake. Be aware that some earthquakes are actually foreshocks and large earthquake might occur. Minimize your movements to a few steps to a nearby safe place and stay indoors until the shaking has stopped and you are sure exiting is safe.

In the following some way of you which can do at the time of the happening of earthquake:

Drop, cover and hold-on in each safe place. Drop under sturdy desk or table, hold on and protect your eyes by pressing your face against your arm. Stay away from window and bookcase or tall furniture that could fall on you. Stay away from doorways where door can slam shut. If you are in bed, hold on and stay there and protection your head with pillow.

The shorter the distance to move to safety, the less likely you will be injured. Injury statistics show that persons moving more than 10 feet during an earthquake's shaking are most likely to experience injury

Stay indoors until the shaking stop and you are sure it is safe to exit. If you are out doors, find a clear spot away from building, trees,signs, poles and power lines. Drop to the ground

If you on sidewalk near the building duck into the doorway to protect yourself from falling bricks, glass, plaster and other debris

If you are driving, pull over to the side of the road and stop. Avoid overpasses, powerlines, and other hazards. Stay inside the vehicle until the shaking is over. Avoid stopping near or under the building, tress, overpasses and utility wires. Proceed cautiously once the earthquake has stopped. Avoid roads, bridges, or ramps that might have been damaged by earthquake

Fire Safety in the kitchen

2008-09-09T08:42:00.003+03:00

In the following tips will help you to prevent from FIRE in your kitchen. You must to follow it so you can avoid any fire risk, please remember tips here:

Please chec k your gas first before using it from any leak or unfix gas pipe.
Don't keep anything on top of, in and around your oven
Don't keep any flamable liquid, explosion material, near your oven and stove.
Don't use your oven extra storage for flammable thing such as paper, plastic bag, dishtowel, plastik container, because event you don't turn the oven on, the pilot light can ignite the objects inside.
Never leave cooking unattended
If you fell have a gas stove and smell gas (beyond a burnt-out pilot light), turn off all burners, open windows for better ventilation . Be cautious when relighting pilot lights: make sure the room is well ventilated and use long-stemmed matches or lighters. Never use your stove (electric or gas) to heat the room.
Please put one small extinguisher for fire protection when the fire happen
Never to cut off fire with splush of water, because it will be worse for the fire it self, and makin fire to be over.
Better use a fire blanket or towel with previously keep it wet to shutdown the fire in your stove if you don't have fire extinguisher.
Always carerefull from many fire hazard.
Use potholders (as opposed to rags, that may catch fire) when moving any hot object.

So have nice cooking and enjoy your cook, keep safety always

Key Question In Accident Investigation

2008-08-28T09:48:00.004+03:00

To determine what the root cause of accident, we have to use key to understanding the accident happen. There are six basic questions to provide for opening the investigation as a below:

WHO was injured? The goal of WHO question is to determine who saw the accident? It is important when accident happen. We need witnesses to help the investigator in order to understand who participate to the caused of accident such as who installed the faulty equipment, and also who was responsible for installation.
WHAT happened? What was the cause of accident? What did the injury worker do or fail to do? What equipment or facilities were involved?
WHERE did the accident happen?Where was the injured worker's supervisor at the time of the accident? " Where" question will be help to determine what caused the accident and the events leading up to it.
WHEN did the accident accur? "When" question should contain more information than just a clock reading. Though the time of the accident accurrence is very importan to know , relationships are often more important . "When" question ask such question as: When did the injured worker take the guard off his or her machine? When was the injured person last given safety intructions? "When" question also elicit information or relationships between activities or events.
HOW? "How" also provide information on the interaction and relationships between activities and events. How did the accident happen? How well was the worker intructed to perform the task?How did the guard fall off te machine?
WHY? "Why" question should give some indication as to the corrective measures that should be taken.Since the answers here will generally focus on unsafe action or unsafe condition

Electrical Injury

2007-07-19T16:46:00.000+03:00

Electrical injury is happen in many workplace area and exposes worker to serious injury till death and about 1,000 people die annually of electric shock in the United States. It is happen caused worker or workplace area didn't set up with safety condition or low worker understanding to electrical management. Many workers are unaware of the potential electrical hazards present in their work environment, which makes them more vulnerable to the danger of electrocution.

Electrical injury causes:

Accidental contact with exposed parts of electrical appliances or iring.
Young children biting or chewing on electrical cords, or poking metal objects into the electrical outlet.
Lightning.
Flashing of electric arcs from high-voltage power lines.
Machinery or occupational-related exposures.

Electrical injuries
An electrical injury can occur to the skin or internal organs when a person is directly exposed to an electrical current. An electrical injuries can be caused by a wide range of voltages but the risk of injury is generally greater with higher voltages and is dependent upon individual circumstances.
Alternating current (AC) and Direct Current (DC) electrical supplies can cause a range of injuries including:

Electric shock
Electrical burns
Loss of muscle control
Thermal burns

Electric shock

Electric shock can cause effect to human body causes a current to flow that can block the electrical signals between the brain and the muscles. It's can influence to many part of the body as a following:

Cardiac arrest due to the electrical effect on the heart.
Preventing the person from breathing
Causing muscle spasms
Loss of muscle control
Thermal burns

Electrical burns

When an electrical current passes through the human body it heats the tissue along the length of the current flow. This can result in deep burns that often require major surgery and are permanently disabling. Burns are more common with higher voltages but may occur from domestic electricity supplies if the current flows for more than a few fractions of a second.

Loss of muscle control

persons who receive an electric shock often get painful muscle spasms that can be strong enough to break bones or dislocate joints. This loss of muscle control often means the person cannot ‘let go’ or escape the electric shock. The person may fall if they are working at height or be thrown into nearby machinery and structures.

Thermal burns

Overloaded, faulty, incorrectly maintained, or shorted electrical equipment can get very hot, and some electrical equipment gets hot in normal operation. Even low voltage batteries (such as those in motor vehicles) can get hot and may explode if they are shorted out.

First Aid:

If safely possible, shut off the electrical current. Unplug the cord, remove the fuse from the fuse box, or turn off the circuit breakers if possible. Often, simply turning off the appliance itself will not stop the flow of electricity.
Call for medical help.
If the current can't be turned off, use a non-conducting object, such as a broom, chair, rug, or rubber doormat to push the victim away from the source of the current. Don't use a wet or metal object. If possible, stand on something dry and non-conducting, such as a mat or folded newspapers. Do not attempt to rescue a victim near active high-voltage lines.
Once the victim is free from the source of electricity, check the victim's airway, breathing, and pulse. If either has stopped or seems dangerously slow or shallow, initiate first aid ( CPR ).
If the victim has a burn, remove any clothing that comes off easily, and rinse the burned area in cool running water until the pain subsides. Give first aid for burns.
If the victim is faint, pale, or shows other signs of shock , lay the victim down, with the head slightly lower than the trunk of the body and the legs elevated, and cover the person with a warm blanket or a coat.
Stay with the victim until medical help arrives.
Electrical injury is frequently associated with explosions or falls that can cause additional traumatic injuries, including both obvious external injuries and concealed internal injuries. Avoid moving the victim's head or neck if a spinal injury is suspected. Administer appropriate first aid as needed for other wounds or fractures.

Do Not:

DO NOT touch the victim with your bare hands while the person is still in contact with the source of electricity.
DO NOT remove dead skin or break blisters if the victim has acquired burns.
DO NOT apply ice, butter, ointments, medications, fluffy cotton dressings, or adhesive bandages to a burn.
DO NOT touch the skin of someone who is being electrocuted.
DO NOT get within 20 feet of someone who is being electrocuted by high-voltage electrical current until the power is turned off.
DO NOT move a victim of electrical injury unless there is immediate danger.

Prevention:

Use child safety plugs in all outlets.
Keep electrical cords out of children's reach.
Teach your children about the dangers of electricity.
Avoid electrical hazards at home and at work. Always follow manufacturer's safety instructions when using electrical appliances.
Parents of small children should put safety guards on all electrical outlets, and keep children away from electrical devices.
Avoid using electrical appliances while showering or wet.
Never touch electrical appliances while touching faucets or cold water pipes.

sources:
Electrocution Fatality Investigation Reports
www.umm.edu
www.hse.gov.uk

Ethanol,Methanol and Ethylene glycol poisoning

2007-06-27T22:40:00.000+03:00

Ethanol

Overdose of ethanol (ethyl alcohol or"alcohol") is very common. Alcohol potentiates the CNS-depressant effect of many drugs. It initially causes disinhibition and later ataxia, dizziness, dysarthria, and drowsiness. In severe poisoning may be coma with respiratory depression, hypotension, hypothermia, and a metabolic acidosis. Hypoglycemia is a particular problem in a children and may occur after some hours. Death may result from respiratory failure or aspiration of vomit.

For an adult, the fatal dose of ethanol alone is 300-500ML absolute alcohol. Whisky and gin usually contain 40-50% ethanol. Rarely alcohol intoxication cause lactic acidosis (Especially with the patient with liver diseases or taking biquanide hypoglicaemic drug) or ketoacidosis (due to dehydration and hypoglicaemia in alcohol).

Treat Supportively:

Maintain clear airway and adequate ventilation
Check blood glucose every 1-2 hours in severe poisoning
Emergency measurement of blood ethanol is rarely helpful
Correct hypoglicaemia with glucose not with glucagon
Look sign for injury, especially head injury
Gastric lavage and activated charcoal are ineffective in ethanol intoxication
Do not give fructose

Mehanol Poisoning
Methanol is used as a solvent and in antifreeze. Ingestion of >60ML of methanol (in Adult) may cause fatal poisoning, the toxic effect due to the metabolites formaldehide and formid acid. Methylated spirits is a mixture of ethanol and water with only 5% ethanol and toxicity is almost entirely due to ethanol.

Clninical features
Methanol initially cause only mild transient drowsiness. Serious toxicity develops after a latent period of 8-36 hours with vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, dizziness, blurring of vision and drowsiness leading to coma. There is a severe metabolic acidosis, hyperglicaemia, and increase serum amylase. survivor may be blind due to optic nerve damage and Parkinsonian Problem.

Management

Provide gastric lavage less than 1 hour since ingestion
Measure ABG (Analys Blood Gas), U&E, blood glucose, and plasma methanol
correct metabolic acidosis to keep arterial pH > 7,2 large amount of bicarbonate may be needed and hypernatremia may be occur.
Give methanol orally as whisky, gin or vodka (adult 125-150mL, child 2mL/kg) and then intravenous infusion (dose as for ethylene glycol)
Give folinic acid (30 mg IV every 6 hours)
In severe poisoning refer to ITU for haemodialysis and possibly IPPV

Ethylene glycol poisoning
Ethylene glicol is used mainly as antifreeze. The minimum fatal dose adult=100mL. Toxic effect due to metabolites, including glycolaldehyde and oxalid acid. ethanol blocks metabolism of ethylene glycol, preventing toxicity.

Clinical Features
In the first 12 hours after ingestion the victim look drunk, but does not smell of alcohol. Aaxia, disarthria, nausea, vomiting, and sometimes haematemesis occur, followed by convulsion, coma and severe metabolic acidosis. From 12-24 hours post ingestionthere is hyperventilation, tachycardia, pulmonary oedema, cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac failure. Hypocalcaemia may be severe. Acute tubular necrosis and renal failure occur at 24-72 hours. Cranial nerve palsies may be develop.

Management

Perform gastric lavage
Measure ABG, U&E, calcium and plasma ethylene glycol
Correct metabolic acidosis to keep arterial pH >7.2 large amount of bicarbonate may be needed and hypernattraemia may occur
Give ethanol orally as whisky, gin, or vodka (adult 125-150mL, child 2ml/kg) followed by intravenous infusion (IVI)of ethanol, preferably as 5% solution in dextrose, initial IV adult dose is 12g ethanol per hour, increase for alcoholic during haemodialysis and adjusted to maintain blod ethanol at 1gr/lt
correct severe hypocalcaemia with calcium gluconate (10mL of 10% slowly IV)
In severe poisoning, haemodialysis is required, with frequent measurement of blood ethlylene glycol and ethanol concentrations.
Ventialation may be needed if pulmonary oedema develops

Source
Oxford Handbook of Accident and emergency medicine

Botulism

2007-06-11T22:50:00.001+03:00

Do you always buy preserved food? I think many people in modern style to do the simple way to buy some food and preserved food is ones choices because it's easy to serve and cook but you have to pay attention look at the expire date, check the seal is broken or not and take preserved food with longer of the expire date to avoid foodborne that cause intoxication. Either intoxication or infection follows eating tinned or preserved food contaminated with Clostridium Botulinum spores, cases involved sausage, tinned salmon, hazelnut yoghurt and other food. Clostridium Botulinum cause illness called BOTULISM. There are seven recognized types of botulism. Four of these (types A, B, E and rarely F) cause human botulism. Types C, D and E cause illness in mammals, birds and fish.

Sign and Symptoms
The symptoms is appear within 12 to 36 hours (within a minimum and maximum range of four hours to eight days) after exposure. Initial symptoms may be mainly Gastrointestinal problem such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, dryness of the mouth or neurological such as dizziness, blured vision, diplopia. Later problem include dysarthria, dysphagia, muscle weakness or paralysis, constipation and urinary retention, respiratory falure and sudden death. There is no fever and no loss of consciousness.

Prevention
To prevent from botulism you have to be good food preparation (particularly preservation) practices and hygiene, cook well done, because the botulism toxin able to destroyed by high temperatures, check the expire date of food product, do not use any food if the food was expired date already. Commercial heat pasteurization (vacuum packed pasteurized products, hot smoked products) may not be sufficient to kill all spores and therefore safety of these products must be based on preventing growth and toxin production. Keep it any preserved food in refrigerator. Refrigeration temperatures combined with salt content and/or acidic conditions will prevent the growth or formation of toxin. If exposure to the toxin via an aerosol is suspected, in order to prevent additional exposure to the patient and health care providers, the clothing of the patient must be removed and stored in plastic bags until it can be washed with soap and water.

Treatment
The respiratory failure and paralysis that occur with severe botulism may require a patient to be on a breathing machine (ventilator) for weeks, plus intensive medical and nursing care. After several weeks, the paralysis slowly improves. If diagnosed early, foodborne and wound botulism can be treated with an antitoxin which blocks the action of toxin circulating in the blood. This can prevent patients from worsening, but recovery still takes many weeks

Sources:

Accident Investigation

2007-06-06T09:25:00.000+03:00

Around the world accident is frequently happened, many accident such as cars accident, trains accident, aircrafts accident, ships accident, worker accident in workplace . We know that the accident is unplanned, unpredictable, undesirable even like that we can understanding to know what cause of factors contributed by Accident Investigation. Accident Investigation is tool used to find out what kind of the accident, Who is get accident, when is accident happen, where is accident happen, Why the accident happen, and How can accident happen. It useful to reduce and avoid any similar accident happen in the future. Remember Five's W and (one H) question to explore accident happen.
Several reasons to investigate in a workplace accident include:

most importantly, to find out the cause of accidents and to prevent similar accidents in the future.
to fulfill any legal requirements.
to determine the cost of an accident.
to determine compliance with applicable safety regulations.
to process workers' compensation claims.

Who should do the accident Investigation?
In most cases, the supervisor should help investigate the event. Other members of the team can include:

employees with knowledge of the work.
safety officer.
health and safety committee.
union representative, if applicable.
employees with experience in investigations.
"outside" expert.
representative from local government.

Why look for the "root cause"?
An investigator who believes that accidents are caused by unsafe conditions will likely try to uncover conditions as causes. On the other hand, one who believes they are caused by unsafe acts will attempt to find the human errors that are causes. Therefore, it is necessary to examine some underlying factors in a chain of events that ends in an accident.

The important point is that even in the most seemingly straightforward accidents, seldom, if ever, is there only a single cause. For example, an "investigation" which concludes that an accident was due to worker carelessness, and goes no further, fails to seek answers to several important questions such as:

Was the worker distracted? If yes, why was the worker distracted?
Was a safe work procedure being followed? If not, why not?
Were safety devices in order? If not, why not?
Was the worker trained? If not, why not?

What are the steps involved in investigating an accident?
The accident investigation process involves the following steps:

Report the accident occurrence to a designated person within the organization.
Provide first aid and medical care to injured person(s) and prevent further injuries or damage.
Investigate the accident.
Identify the causes.
Report the findings.
Develop a plan for corrective action.
Implement the plan.
Evaluate the effectiveness of the corrective.

Accident Investigate Approach
As with most other tasks, skill in conducting effective accident investigations improves with experience. A good basic approach is to find out what caused the accident and what can be done to prevent or minimize the chances of a similar accident occurring. Some suggestions that may help supervisors get the facts and reach a conclusion include:

Maintain objectivity throughout the investigation. Its purpose is to find the cause of the accident, not to assign blame for its occurrence.
Check the accident site and circumstances thoroughly before anything is changed.
Discuss the accident with the injured person, but only after first aid or medical treatment has been given (see Section A1, Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses). Also talk with anyone who witnessed the accident and those familiar with conditions immediately before and after it occurred.
Be thorough. Small details may point to the real cause.
Reconstruct the events that resulted in the accident, considering all possible causes. Determine unsafe conditions or actions that separately or in combination were contributing factors.

What To Do With The Results

Supervisors should take action to control or eliminate the conditions that caused the accident once these have been conclusively identified. EHS can provide assistance in determining the level of action that may be necessary, such as the following:

When equipment changes or safeguards are necessary, supervisors should discuss specific recommendations with Department management;
When an operation can be changed to eliminate the hazard, supervisors should make the change if it is within their authority, or seek the necessary approval from Department management;
If unsafe acts by workers are involved, ensure that the worker is properly trained and that training is followed. All others involved in similar operations should be trained as well.

Roles and Responsibilities
Department

Ensure accidents involving their operations or workers are investigated.
Ensure corrective actions are taken.

Supervisors

Particpate in incident investigations.
Take corrective actions.

EHS

Investigate incidents promptly and thoroughly.
Issue accident investigation reports.
Provide training in investigation methods and techniques when requested.

Individual

Cooperate with supervisors and others during investigations

References:
web.princeton.edu
www.ccohs.ca

Sulitnya Menghindari Penyakit Kanker

2006-09-05T09:44:00.000+03:00

Makanan merupakan kebutuhan pokok (primer) manusia yang mau atau tidak mau harus dipenuhi agar supaya tetap hidup dan sehat. Jenis makananpun bervariasi mulai dari bahan mentah yang harus diolah terlebih dahulu sampai yang tidak membutuhkan proses pengolahan yang siap untuk dihidangkan seperti dalam bentuk kaleng, kemasan, maupun fast food servise (KFC,McDonnald,Hamburger,dll)yang kapanpun kita pesan akan segera diantar tanpa perlu repot kita harus memasaknya. Namun demikian tidak semua orang menyukai cara seperti ini dengan berbagai berbagai pertimbangan masing-masing seperti biaya, kurang fresh,tidak alamiah, dan berbagai alsan yang lain. Kebanyakan ibu rumah tangga lebih memilih masak sendiri dan membeli bahan-bahan makanan di pasar-pasar tradisional maupun super market, tetapi yang menjadi masalah adalah bahwa sehat dan amankah cara-cara yang dilakukan tersebut diatas?

BAHAN-BAHAN MAKANAN FRESH

Sebagaian besar orang berpikir bahwa makan makanan dengan bahan yang dibeli dipasar tradisional dalam kondisi yang masih segar adalah lebih sehat dan aman, sehingga cara ini sampai sekarangpun masih dilakukan ibu-ibu rumah tangga dalam memnuhi kebutuhan makan sehari-hari,namun kenyataanya cara ini juga masih belum aman dan sehat dari akibat yang membahayakan kesehatan,mengapa, karena sebagain besar sayuran mapun buah-buahan sudah tercemar yang terjadi melalui polusi udara (karbon dioksida),air limbah, maupun berbagai macam bahan-bahan kimia seperti pestisida yang digunakan pada saat menanam sampai memanen, obatan-obatan penagkal haman lainya, dan bahan-bahan-bahan kimia yang digunakan untuk kepentingan bisnis didunia Agriculture (Agrochemical), yang mana bila kita konsumsi bahan-bahan makanan yang mengandung kimia tersebut dalam waktu lama akan menyebabkan berbagai masalah kesehatan seperti kanker. Demikian pula dengan ikan, meskipun cara penagkapanya dengan cara-cara yang aman dan sehat jika kita langsung makan, namun dalam pendistribusian ke pasar-pasar mereka juga mengunakan bahan-bahan pengawet seperti formalin dengan tujuan agar ikan tetap terlihat seperti baru yang masih segar dan bisa dijual dalam waktu yang lama.

MAKANAN KEMASAN

Makanan kaleng maupun yang berbentuk kemasan tidak hanya dibutuhkan oleh mereka dari golongan kelas ekonomi atas, meneggah kebawahpun sudah banyak yang menyukainya dengan alasan praktis dan cepat disajikan. Jenis makanan yang sip saji seperti, ikan sarden kalengan, kornet, nugget, sosis,dan sejenisnya yang berbentuk kaleng maupun kemasan. Makanan dalam bentuk kaleng tentunya sudah pasti diberikan bahan-bahan aditive (tambahan) sebagai bahan yang digunakan agar makanan maupun minuman dapat bertahan sesuai batas tanggal expire yang inginkan oleh perusahaan pembuatnya. Bahan-bahan pengawet yang sering digunakan untuk mengawetkan makanan seperti sulfit nitrit,BHA atau BHT dan Benzoat. Benzoat adalah bahan pengawet yang relative aman dari formalin) jika kita konsumsi dalam jangka lama dapat juga menyebabkan penyakit kanker, karena bahan-bahan ini bersifat karsinogenik (penyebab kanker). Bahan tambahan lainya seperti borax yang digunakan untuk pengawet bakso, formalin (bahan yang digunakan untuk pengawet mayat, maupun organ tubuh tertentu manusia) yang digunakan untuk pengawet mie,tahu, dan rodamin B (pewarna tekstil) yang digunakan untuk pewarna saos sambal yang semuanya itu dilarang oleh BPOM (Badan pengawas Obat Dan Makanan).

Bagaimanakah Memilih Bahan Makanan Ynag Aman ?

Walau bagaimanapun kebutuhan makan harus tetap dipenuhi,namun untuk keamanan dan kesehatan tubuh kita dalam memilih bahan makanan kita harus memperhatikan hal-hal sebagai berikut:

Pilihlah sayur maupun buah-buahan yang segar, jangan langsung dimasak atau dimakan rendamlah beberapa saat dalam air untuk mengurangi residu (sisa-sisa bahan kimia)jika anda membelinya dipasar maupun super market,tetapi jika anda memperolehnya dari kebun sendiri atau jelas tahu tidak mengunakana bahan pestisida sama sekali, sayuran maupun buah bisa dimakan maupun dimasak secara langsung

Jika harus membeli makanan dalam bentuk kaleng maupun kemasan, telitilah yang bahan-bahan pengawetnya memiliki resiko lebih kecil terhadap kesehatan,karena bagaimanapun penjual tidak akan menjelaskan secara detil apakah makanan kemasan atau kaleng yang anda beli aman dan sehat, mereka hanya sebgai penjual

Telitilah batas waktu kedaluarsa (expire) untuk menghindari intoksikasi (keracunan) dari bahan-bahan pengawetnya

Makanan / minuman dalam kemasan karton lebih baik daripada dalam bentuk botol. Dalam suhu kamar, kerusakan vitamin pada minuman / bahan pangan dalam bentuk botol dapat mencapai 70% setelah 10 minggu, tetapi dengan kemesan karton kerusakanya hanya mencapai 30%.

Disamping bahan-bahan kimia diatas, beberapa point-point penting dalam mencegah terjadinya kanker seperti dibawah ini juga perlu diperhatikan, seperti:

Jika anda adalah pengemar sate, maka jangan makan sate yang dibakar sampai hanggus, karena dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kanker

Hindari proses pengorengan dengan panas yang berlebihan

Hindari penggunaan berulang minyak atau margarin bekas mengoreng, terutama untuk produk-produk daging dan ikan

Kurangi asupan lemak, jika anda sudah masuk dalam kategori "gemuk", sebaiknya batasi asupan lemak

Hentikan kebiasaan merokok dan minum-minuman alkohol

Batasai penggunaan makanan atau minuman yang mengandung pengawet

Hindari sinar matahari setelah pukul 9 pagi sampai pukul 2 siang, untukmenghindari paparan sinar ultra violet yang dapat meningkatkan resiko kanker kulit, atau jika harus beraktivitas di luar ruangan gunakan pelindung matahari

Jangan terlalu sering melakukan pemeriksaan rongten (X-Ray), usahakan tidak melakukan pemeriksaan rongten setidaknya setelah 6 bulan, untuk menghindari paparan radiasi sinar-X terhadap sel-sel tubuh yang dapat mencetuskan terjadinya kanker

Jika anda masih membutuhkan informasi yang berkaitan dengan pencegahan terjadinya kanker, bisa masuk ke SINI,dan SINI INI JUGAserta disini

Accident

2006-08-29T19:15:00.000+03:00

The sequence Accident almost happening every day,such as traffic accidents, flight accidents,Industry accidents, home accidents that exposed by mass media including TV, Newspaper,Radio and so forth. They reported about many accidents cause injuries, fatalities,loss of production or damage to the property and assets. No body knows exactly why accident taking place every day. There is many comment when accident occur, one of most comment is Human Error. Are you sure if most of accidents caused by human error. According to the statement that released by W.H. Heinrich (1931) who developed the so called "Domino Theory", he said that accidents 88% are caused by unsafe acts of people (human error), 10% caused by unsafe condition(linked with environment), and 2% caused by "acts of God"

The theory Domino explaining that accident occuring by "five-factors accident sequence" it is means that each factor will affected to the next step in the manner of toppling dominoes line up in row. The sequence of accident factors is as following:

ancestry and social environment
worker fault
unsafe act together with mechanical and physical hazard
accident
damage or injury

Accident is not single cause impact it's will influence to many damages, therefore eliminate to the accident factors is better otherways management impact of accident.
Minimize accident factors such as working properly, follow to the regulation in the workplace, undestanding safety manual, till behaviour safety will be keep away from accidents it self, because accident is unplaned and unpredictable, so preventive action is good way to prevent of accident. If you want to know more about accident Theory, you visit to CLICK HERE and HERE ALSO HERE

Keselamatan Pada Waktu Gempa Bumi

2006-08-22T02:19:00.000+03:00

Doug Copp, Kepala Penyelamat dan Manajer Bencana dari American Rescue Team International (ARTI),

Pengalaman

Saya telah merangkak di bawah 875 reruntuhan bangunan, bekerja sama dengan tim penyelamat dari 60 negara, dan mendirikan tim penyelamat di beberapa negara serta salah satu dari ahli PBB untuk Mitigasi Bencana selama 2 tahun.
Saya telah bekerja di seluruh bencana besar di dunia sejak tahun 1985.
Pada tahun 1996 kami membuat film yang membuktikan keakuratan metode bertahan hidup yang saya buat.

Percobaan

Kami meruntuhkan sebuah sekolah dan rumah dengan 20 boneka di dalamnya. 10 boneka "menunduk dan berlindung" dan 10 lainnya menggunakan metode bertahan hidup "segitiga kehidupan".
Setelah simulasi gempa, kami merangkak ke dalam puing-puing dan masuk ke dalam bangunan untuk membuat dukumentasi film mengenai hasilnya. Film itu menunjukkan bahwa mereka yang menunduk dan berlindung tidak dapat bertahan hidup dan mereka yang menggunakan metode saya "segitiga kehidupan" bertahan hidup 100%.
Film ini telah dilihat oleh jutaan orang melalui televisi di Turki dan sebagian Eropa, dan disaksikan pada program televisi di USA, Canada dan Amerika Latin.
Fakta
Bangunan pertama yang saya masuki adalah sebuah sekolah di Mexico City pada gempa bumi tahun 1985.
Semua anak berlindung di bawah meja masing-masing.
Semua anak remuk sampai ke tulang mereka. Mereka mungkin dapat selamat jika berbaring di samping meja masing-masing di lorong.
Pada saat itu, murid-murid diajarkan untuk berlindung di bawah sesuatu.

Teori segitiga kehidupan

Secara sederhana, saat bangunan runtuh, langit-langit akan runtuh menimpa benda atau furniture sehingga menghancurkan benda-benda ini, menyisakan ruangan kosong di sebelahnya.
Ruangan kosong ini lah yang saya sebut "segitiga kehidupan".
Semakin besar bendanya, maka semakin kuat benda tersebut dan semakin kecil kemungkinannya untuk remuk.
Semakin sedikit remuk, semakin besar ruang kosongnya, semakin besar kemungkinan untuk orang yang menggunakannya untuk selamat dari luka-luka.

Amati

Suatu saat anda melihat bangunan runtuh di televisi, hitunglah "segitiga kehidupan" yang anda temui.
Segitiga ini ada di mana-mana dan merupakan bentuk yang umum.

Sepuluh Tip dalam Keselamatan Gempa Bumi

Hampir semua orang yang hanya "menunduk dan berlindung" pada saat bangunan runtuh meninggal karena tertimpa runtuhan. Orang-orang yang berlindung di bawah suatu benda akan remuk badannya.

Kucing, anjing dan bayi biasanya mengambil posisi meringkuk secara alami. Itu juga yang harus anda lakukan pada saat gempa.

Bangunan dari kayu adalah tipe konstruksi yang paling aman selama gempa bumi.
Kayu bersifat lentur dan bergerak seiring ayunan gempa. Jika bangunan kayu ternyata tetap runtuh, banyak ruangan kosong yang aman akan terbentuk.
Disamping itu, bangunan kayu memiliki sedikit konsentrasi dari bagian yang berat. Bangunan dari batu bata akan hancur berkeping-keping.
Kepingan batu bata akan mengakibatkan luka badan tapi hanya sedikit yang meremukkan badan dibandingkan beton bertulang.
Jika anda berada di tempat tidur pada saat gempa terjadi, bergulinglah ke samping tempat tidur.

Jika terjadi gempa dan anda tidak dapat keluar melalui jendela atau pintu, maka berbaring lah meringkuk di sebelah sofa atau kursi besar.

Hampir semua orang yang berada di belakang pintu pada saat bangunan runtuh akan meninggal.

Mengapa?

Jangan pernah lari melalui tangga.

Berdirilah di dekat dinding paling luar dari bangunan atau di sebelah luarnya jika memungkinkan.

Orang-orang yang berada di dalam kendaraan akan tertimpa jika jalanan di atasnya runtuh dan meremukkan kendaraan; ini yang ternyata terjadi pada lantai-lantai jalan tol Nimitz.

JAMINAN KECELAKAAN KERJA

2006-08-13T09:18:00.000+03:00

PENGERTIAN

Kecelakaan kerja termasuk penyakit akibat kerja merupakan resiko yang harus dihadapi oleh tenaga kerja dalam melakukan pekerjaannya. Untuk menanggulangi hilangnya sebagian atau seluruh penghasilan yang diakibatkan oleh adanya resiko - resiko sosial seperti kematian atau cacat karena kecelakaan kerja baik fisik maupun mental, maka diperlukan adanya jaminan kecelakaan kerja. Kesehatan dan keselamatan tenaga kerja merupakan tanggung jawab pengusaha sehingga pengusaha memiliki kewajiban untuk membayar iuran jaminan kecelakaan kerja yang berkisar antara 0,24% s/d 1,74% sesuai kelompok jenis usaha.

MANFAAT

Jaminan Kecelakaan Kerja (JKK) memberikan kompensasi dan rehabilitasi bagi tenaga kerja yang mengalami kecelakaan pada saat dimulai berangkat bekerja sampai tiba kembali dirumah atau menderita penyakit akibat hubungan kerja. Iuran untuk program JKK ini sepenuhnya dibayarkan oleh perusahaan. Perincian besarnya iuran berdasarkan kelompok jenis usaha sebagaimana tercantum pada iuran.
1. Biaya Transport (Maksimum)
• Darat Rp. 150.000,-
• Laut Rp. 300.000,-
• Udara Rp. 400.000,-

2. Sementara tidak mampu bekerja
• 4 bulan pertama 100 upah
• 4 bulan kedua 75 % upah
• Selanjutnya 50 % upah

3. Biaya Pengobatan/Perawatan
• Rp 8.000.000,(maksimum) *

4. Santunan Cacat
• Sebagian-tetap % tabel x 70 bulan upah
• Total-tetap
- Sekaligus 70 % x 70 bulan upah
- Berkala (2 tahun) Rp. 200.000,- per bulan *
• Kurang fungsi % kurang fungsi x % tabel x 70 bulan upah.

5. Santunan Kematian
• Sekaligus 60 % x 70 bulan upah
• Berkala (2 tahun) Rp. 200.000,- per bulan *
• Biaya pemakaman Rp. 1.500.000,- *

6. Biaya Rehabilitasi : Patokan harga RS DR. Suharso, Surakarta ,ditambah 40 %
• Prothese anggota badan
• Alat bantu (kursi roda)

7. Penyakit akibat kerja, Tiga puluh satu jenis penyakit selama hubungan kerja dan 3 tahun setelah putus hubungan kerja.
Iuran
1. Kelompok I : 0.24 % dari upah sebulan;
2. Kelompok II : 0.54 % dari upah sebulan;
3. Kelompok III : 0.89 % dari upah sebulan;
4. Kelompok IV : 1.27 % dari upah sebulan;
5. Kelompok V : 1.74 % dari upah sebulan;
*) sesuai dengan PP Nomor 64 tahun 2005

Tata Cara Pengajuan Jaminan

1. Apabila terjadi kecelakaan kerja pengusaha wajib mengisi form jamsostek 3 (laporan kecelakaan tahap I) dan mengirimkan kepada PT. Jamsostek (persero) tidak lebih dari 2x24 Jam terhitung sejak terjadinya kecelakaan.
2. Setelah tenaga kerja dinyatakan sembuh / meninggal dunia oleh dokter yang merawat, pengusaha wajib mengisi form 3a (laporan kecelakaan tahap II) dan dikirim kepada PT. Jamsostek (persero) tidak lebih dari 2X 24 jam sejak tenaga kerja dinyatakan sembuh/meninggal. Selanjutnya PT. Jamsostek (persero) akan menghitung dan membayar santunan dan ganti rugi kecelakaan kerja yang menjadi hak tenaga kerja/ahliwaris.
3. Form Jamsostek 3a berfungsi sebagai pengajuan permintaan pembayaran jaminan disertai bukti-bukti:
a. Fotokopi karu peserta.
b. Surat keterangan dokter yang merawat dalam bentuk form Jamsostek 3b atau 3c.
c. Kwitansi biaya pengobatan dan perawatan serta kwitansi pengangkutan.
(Sumber berita dari Jamsostek)

What is Occupational Health and Safety?

2006-08-13T09:12:00.000+03:00

Occupational health and safety (OHS) is a discipline with a broad scope involving many specialized fields. In its broadest sense, it should aim at:

the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations;

the prevention among workers of adverse effects on health caused by their working conditions;

the protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health;

the placing and maintenance of workers in an occupational environment adapted to physical and mental needs;

the adaptation of work to humans.

In other words, occupational health and safety encompasses the social, mental and physical well-being of workers, that is the “whole person”.

Successful occupational health and safety practice requires the collaboration and participation of both employers and workers in health and safety programmes, and involves the consideration of issues relating to occupational medicine, industrial hygiene, toxicology, education, engineering safety, ergonomics, psychology, etc.
Occupational health issues are often given less attention than occupational safety issues because the former are generally more difficult to confront. However, when health is addressed, so is safety, because a healthy workplace is by definition also a safe workplace. The converse, though, may not be true - a so-called safe workplace is not necessarily also a healthy workplace. The important point is that issues of both health and safety must be addressed in every workplace. By and large, the definition of occupational health and safety given above encompasses both health and safety in their broadest contexts.

Poor working conditions affect worker health and safety
Poor working conditions of any type have the potential to affect a worker's health and safety.
Unhealthy or unsafe working conditions are not limited to factories — they can be found anywhere, whether the workplace is indoors or outdoors. For many workers, such as agricultural workers or miners, the workplace is “outdoors” and can pose many health and safety hazards.
Poor working conditions can also affect the environment workers live in, since the working and living environments are the same for many workers. This means that occupational hazards can have harmful effects on workers, their families, and other people in the community, as well as on the physical environment around the workplace.

A classic example is the use of pesticides in agricultural work. Workers can be exposed to toxic chemicals in a number of ways when spraying pesticides:
they can inhale the chemicals during and after spraying, the chemicals can be absorbed through the skin, and the workers can ingest the chemicals if they eat, drink, or smoke without first washing their hands, or if drinking water has become contaminated with the chemicals.

The workers' families can also be exposed in a number of ways:
they can inhale the pesticides which may linger in the air, they can drink contaminated water, or they can be exposed to residues which may be on the worker's clothes. Other people in the community can all be exposed in the same ways as well. When the chemicals get absorbed into the soil or leach into groundwater supplies, the adverse effects on the natural environment can be permanent.

Overall, efforts in occupational health and safety must aim to prevent industrial accidents and diseases, and at the same time recognize the connection between worker health and safety, the workplace, and the environment outside the workplace.

Why is occupational health and safety important?

Work plays a central role in people's lives, since most workers spend at least eight hours a day in the workplace, whether it is on a plantation, in an office, factory, etc. Therefore, work environments should be safe and healthy. Yet this is not the case for many workers. Every day workers all over the world are faced with a multitude of health hazards, such as:
dusts;

gases;

noise;

vibration;

extreme temperatures.

Unfortunately some employers assume little responsibility for the protection of workers' health and safety. In fact, some employers do not even know that they have the moral and often legal responsibility to protect workers. As a result of the hazards and a lack of attention given to health and safety, work-related accidents and diseases are common in all parts of the world.

Costs of occupational injury/disease
How much does an occupational disease or accident cost?

Work-related accidents or diseases are very costly and can have many serious direct and indirect effects on the lives of workers and their families. For workers some of the direct costs of an injury or illness are:
the pain and suffering of the injury or illness;

the loss of income;

the possible loss of a job;

health-care costs.

It has been estimated that the indirect costs of an accident or illness can be four to ten times greater than the direct costs, or even more. An occupational illness or accident can have so many indirect costs to workers that it is often difficult to measure them. One of the most obvious indirect costs is the human suffering caused to workers' families, which cannot be compensated with money.

The costs to employers of occupational accidents or illnesses are also estimated to be enormous. For a small business, the cost of even one accident can be a financial disaster. For employers, some of the direct costs are:
payment for work not performed;

medical and compensation payments;

repair or replacement of damaged machinery and equipment;

reduction or a temporary halt in production;

increased training expenses and administration costs;

possible reduction in the quality of work;

negative effect on morale in other workers.

Some of the indirect costs for employers are:
the injured/ill worker has to be replaced;

a new worker has to be trained and given time to adjust;

it takes time before the new worker is producing at the rate of the original worker;

time must be devoted to obligatory investigations, to the writing of reports and filling out of forms;

accidents often arouse the concern of fellow workers and influence labour relations in a negative way;

poor health and safety conditions in the workplace can also result in poor public relations.

Overall, the costs of most work-related accidents or illnesses to workers and their families and to employers are very high.

On a national scale, the estimated costs of occupational accidents and illnesses can be as high as three to four per cent of a country's gross national product. In reality, no one really knows the total costs of work-related accidents or diseases because there are a multitude of indirect costs which are difficult to measure besides the more obvious direct costs.

Health and Safety Programmes

For all of the reasons given above, it is crucial that employers, workers and unions are committed to health and safety and that:
workplace hazards are controlled - at the source whenever possible;

records of any exposure are maintained for many years;

both workers and employers are informed about health and safety risks in the workplace;

there is an active and effective health and safety committee that includes both workers and management;

worker health and safety efforts are ongoing.

Effective workplace health and safety programmes can help to save the lives of workers by reducing hazards and their consequences. Health and safety programmes also have positive effects on both worker morale and productivity, which are important benefits. At the same time, effective programmes can save employers a great deal of money.

Points to Remember

Occupational health and safety encompasses the social, mental and physical well-being of workers in all occupations.

Poor working conditions have the potential to affect a worker's health and safety.

Unhealthy or unsafe working conditions can be found anywhere, whether the workplace is indoors or outdoors.

Poor working conditions can affect the environment workers live in. This means that workers, their families, other people in the community, and the physical environment around the workplace, can all be at risk from exposure to workplace hazards.

Employers have a moral and often legal responsibility to protect workers.

Work-related accidents and diseases are common in all parts of the world and often have many direct and indirect negative consequences for workers and their families. A single accident or illness can mean enormous financial loss to both workers and employers.

Effective workplace health and safety programmes can help to save the lives of workers by reducing hazards and their consequences. Effective programmes can also have positive effects on both worker morale and productivity, and can save employers a great deal of money.

Introduction to violence at work

2006-08-13T09:02:00.000+03:00

Violence is rapidly becoming an everyday reality for many workers, from bus drivers to teachers, bank security personnel, nurses and air crews faced with mounting cases of air rage among passengers. But shrouding it in silence and secrecy is counter-productive.

Many remedies exist, including security measures, surveillance, organizational solutions and the training of staff in how best to diffuse potentially violent situations. In most cases, these remedies are extremely cost-effective in terms of reduced medical and personnel costs and improved performance. But they can only be applied effectively once the problem has been acknowledged and brought out into the open.

Experience in this and allied fields strongly suggests that the most effective solutions are obtained when the issue is addressed by an active partnership of all the actors concerned.Governments, trade unions and employers are increasingly worried by what is emerging as a major workplace concern. The response at the national and international levels is taking shape. The European Commission is analysing the action to be taken for the prevention of workplace violence in the European Union as part of its current programme on safety, hygiene and health at work. All around the world, further surveys and studies are being carried out to identify the main problem areas. Innovative experiments are underway to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of different solutions to the problem. However, the new information and ideas resulting from these initiatives are only now starting to become available.

This introduction to violence at work is intended to provide brief answers to a number of questions. These include: How great a problem is violence at work? What forms does it take? Which sectors and occupations are most affected? To what extent are women particularly vulnerable, with special reference to sexual harassment? What is the cost of violence at work to the individual, the company and society? Do we understand why violence at work happens?want to read moreclick here

What Is Safety?

2006-07-18T15:43:00.000+03:00

Safety is the state of being safe, the condition of being protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational, psychological or other types or consequences of failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or any other event which could be considered dangerous. Protection is from both the cause and from exposure to something that is not safe. It can include physical protection or that of possessions. Safety is often in relation to some guarantee of a standard of insurance to the quality and unharmful function of a thing or organization. It is used in order to ensure that the thing or organization will do only what it is wanted to do.